| vk; L=ksr dk fooj.k |
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1- /kkj.kk
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d`f"k izxfr dsUnz xkWao esa LFkkfir ,d ,slk dsUnz gksrk gS tks mlesa laxfBr fdlkuksa dks [ksrh esa yxus okyh phtksa ds ckjs esa mi;qDr tkudkjh ,oa izf'k{k.k miyC/k djkrk gS rFkk Qlyksa dks lgh nke ij fcdokus ds fodYi nsrk gSA
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izkjaHk esa d`f"k izxfr dsUnz yxHkx 20 oxZ fdyksehVj ;k 4000 ls 5000 ,dM+ ds d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe esa viuh lsok;sa nsrk gSA ,d d`f"k izxfr dsUnz 100 fdlkuksa ls 'kq:- djds yxHkx 1000&1500 fdlkuksa rd viuh lsok;sa igqWapkrk gSA
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eq[;r% ,d d`-iz-ds fuEu lsokvksa ds fy;s mRrjnk;h gS %
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[ksrh esa yxus okyh phtksa dh tkudkjh ,oa miyC/krkA
d`f"k lacaf/kr vk/kqfud rduhdksa dh tkudkjh rFkk miyC/krkA
,-,u-ih-,y }kjk fu/kkZfjr rjhds ls Qlyksa dh fcdzh esa mfpr nke ds fodYi fnyokukA
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mijksDr lHkh lsok,a d`-iz-ds- dks {ks= izca/ku dh lgk;rk ls gh miyC/k djkbZ tk ldrh gSa A vr% bu lsokvksa ls izkIr gksus okyh vk; dk forj.k {ks= izca/ku esa Hkh gksxk tks vkxs fofHkUu 'kh"kZdksa ds varxZr n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
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2- vk; L=ksr
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vk; L=ksr bl izdkj fufeZr fd;k x;k gS fd d`-iz-ds- ds lQy lapkyu esa tks Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gS mls mldh {kerk ds vuqlkj vk; gksA
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vk; ds fofHkUu rhu L=ksr gS tks fuEu :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
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iathdj.k ds }kjk |
fuos'k (buiqV) ds }kjk (oh-,-lh-*) |
d`f"k mRikn ds }kjk (oh-,-lh-*) |
| d`-iz-ds- lapkyd |
15% |
50% |
50% |
| d`-iz-ds- leUo;d |
5% |
20% |
20% |
| {ks= leUo;d |
3% |
12% |
12% |
| tuin leUo;d |
2% |
8% |
8% |
| e.My leUo;d |
1% |
6% |
6% |
| Dqy forj.k |
26% |
96% |
96% |
| ,-,u-ih-,y dk va'k |
74% |
4% |
4% |
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2-1 ,d d`f"k izxfr dsUnz ls gksus okyh vk; dk d`f"k izxfr dsUnz rFkk {ks=&izca/ku esa forj.k dk mnkgj.k bl izdkj gS %&
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xkWao ds ekud
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1 xkWao = 100 fdlku
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vkSlr {ks= izfr fdlku = 10 ,dM+
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igyh Qly & xsgWaw
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vkSlr mit izfr ,dM+ = 40 eu = 1600 fd-xzk
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vkSlr mit izfr fdlku = 400 eu = 16000 fd-xzk
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vkSlr mfpr nke izfr fdlku = 6-30 :-
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dqy nke = 16000 X 6-30 :- = :- 100800
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nwljh Qly & /kku
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vkSlr mit izfr ,dM = 25 eu = 1000 fd-xzk
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vkSlr mit izfr fdlku = 250 eu = 10000 fd-xzk
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vkSlr mfpr nke izfr fdlku = 12 :-
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dqy nke = 10000 X 12 :- = :- 120000
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/kkj.kk,Wa %
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| 1 ds-ih-ds- = 100 fdlku |
| d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe = 100 * 10 ,dM+ (izfr fdlku) = 1000 ,dM+ |
| fuos'k izfr ,dM = 6 cksjh ;wfj;k $ 3 cksjh Mh-,-ih $ 1 cksjh cht $ jlk;fud mRikn = :- 3000 |
| mRiknu izfr ,dM = 16 daq- xsagwWa $ 10 daq- /kku = :- 10080 $ :- 12000 = :- 22080 |
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| 100 izfr'kr O;olk; |
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iathdj.k ds }kjk
100*250=25000 dk-- |
[kjhn ds }kjk
100*10*3000 dk 5% dk-- |
fcdzh ds }kjk
100*10*22080 dk 1% dk-- |
| ds-ih-ds- lapkyd |
15% |
:- 3750 |
50% |
:- 75000 |
50% |
:- 110000 |
| ds-ih-ds- leUo;d |
5% |
:- 1250 |
20% |
:- 30000 |
20% |
:- 440000 |
| {ks=kh; leUo;d |
3% |
:- 750 |
12% |
:- 18000 |
12% |
:- 26400 |
| tuin leUo;d |
2% |
:- 500 |
8% |
:- 12000 |
8% |
:- 17600 |
| e.My leUo;d |
1% |
:- 250 |
6% |
:- 9000 |
6% |
:- 13200 |
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| 50 izfr'kr O;olk; |
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iathdj.k ds }kjk
100*250=25000 dk-- |
[kjhn ds }kjk
100*10*3000 dk 5% dk-- |
fcdzh ds }kjk
100*10*22080 dk 1% dk-- |
| ds-ih-ds- lapkyd |
15% |
:- 3750 |
50% |
:- 37500 |
50% |
:- 55000 |
| ds-ih-ds- leUo;d |
5% |
:- 1250 |
20% |
:- 15000 |
20% |
:- 22000 |
| {ks=kh; leUo;d |
3% |
:- 750 |
12% |
:- 9000 |
12% |
:- 13200 |
| tuin leUo;d |
2% |
:- 500 |
8% |
:- 6000 |
8% |
:- 8800 |
| e.My leUo;d |
1% |
:- 250 |
6% |
:- 4500 |
6% |
:- 6600 |
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| 25 izfr'kr O;olk; |
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iathdj.k ds }kjk
100*250=25000 dk-- |
[kjhn ds }kjk
100*10*3000 dk 5% dk-- |
fcdzh ds }kjk
100*10*22080 dk 1% dk-- |
| ds-ih-ds- lapkyd |
15% |
:- 3750 |
50% |
:- 18750 |
50% |
:- 27500 |
| ds-ih-ds- leUo;d |
5% |
:- 1250 |
20% |
:- 7500 |
20% |
:- 11000 |
| {ks=kh; leUo;d |
3% |
:- 750 |
12% |
:- 4500 |
12% |
:- 6600 |
| tuin leUo;d |
2% |
:- 500 |
8% |
:- 3000 |
8% |
:- 4400 |
| e.My leUo;d |
1% |
:- 250 |
6% |
:- 2250 |
6% |
:- 3300 |
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*osY;w ,MsM deh'ku (oh-,-lh-) [kjhn vkSj fcdzh dh lsokvksa dks izHkkoh cukus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS A
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1- oh-,-lh- dk forj.k ,-,u-ih-,y- }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA oh-,-lh dk fu/kkZj.k oLrq ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tk;sxk A
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2- oh-,-lh- dk ;k rks fodzsrk dEiuh ls izkIr fd;k tk;sxk ;k d`-iz-ds- ls oh-,-lh- dk laxzg rRdkfyu fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djsxk A
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3- izca/ku essa oh-,-lh- dk forj.k fuEu izdkj ls gksxk :&
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| 50 izfr'kr |
==> |
ds-ih-ds lapkyd |
| 20 izfr'kr |
==> |
ds-ih-ds leUo;d |
| 12 izfr'kr |
==> |
{ks=h; leUo;d |
| 8 izfr'kr |
==> |
tuin leUo;d |
| 6 izfr'kr |
==> |
e.My leUo;d |
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4- ifjfLFkfr;kWa vkSj fodYi
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4-1 vkn'kZ ifjfLFkfr (tgkWa deh'ku fodzsrk }kjk fn;k tk;sxk)
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oh-,-lh- fodzsrk }kjk ,-,u-ih-,y- dks fn;k tk;sxk rFkk ,-,u-ih-,y- psd ;k fMekUM MzkQV ds :i esa {ks= izca/ku esa forfjr djsxk A
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mnkgj.k %& ;fn ds-vkj-oh-,y- dk dksbZ cht [kqys cktkj esa 25 :- izfr fdyks fcd jgk gS rFkk d`-iz-ds- ij og 23 :- izfr fdyks muyC/k djkrk gS rks fdlkuksa dks og 24 :- izfr fdyks miyC/k gksxk vkSj fdlkuksa dks 1 :- izfr fdyks dk ykHk feysxk vkSj cpk gqvk 1 :- ds-vkj-oh-,y-] ,-,u-ih-,y- dks nsxk A
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bl izdkj nks :I;s ds vUrj dks
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&&& |
fdlkuksa dks 50 izfr'kr |
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&&& |
{ks= izca/ku dks 50 izfr'kr |
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1 izfr'kr dk 1@24 = 4 izfr'kr dk ykHk bl izdkj forfjr gks
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| 50 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-50 |
&& |
ds-ih-ds lapkyd |
| 20 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-20 |
&& |
ds-ih-ds leUo;d |
| 12 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-12 |
&& |
{ks=h; leUo;d |
| 8 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-08 |
&& |
tuin leUo;d |
| 6 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-06 |
&& |
e.My leUo;d |
| 4 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 0-04 |
&& |
,-,u-ih-,y |
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4-2 myV ifjfLFkfr (tgkWa deh'ku dzsrk }kjk fn;k tk;sxk)
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dzsrk ls oh-,-lh- dk laxzg dkYifud fLFkfr gS ijUrq ;fn ,slk laHko gS rks dzsrk ls tks ewY; fy;k tk,xk oks bl izdkj gksxk %&
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ewY; = d`-iz-ds- ij igqWap dk eqY; $ oh-,-lh-
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vFkkZr~ d`-iz-ds- lapkyd nks fMekUM MzkQV cuk,axs] ,d dEiuh ds uke mlds }kjk d`-iz-ds- ij igqWap eqY; ds vk/kkj ij nwljk oh-,-lh- dk ,-,u-ih-,y- ds uke ij ,-,u-ih-,y- }kjk MzkQV izkIr djus ds ckn gh izca/ku dks mudk fgLlk fuEu QkewZys ds vk/kkj ij forfjr dj fn;k tk,xkA
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| ds-ih-ds lapkyd |
&& |
50 izfr'kr |
| ds-ih-ds leUo;d |
&& |
20 izfr'kr |
| {ks=h; leUo;d |
&& |
12 izfr'kr |
| tuin leUo;d |
&& |
8 izfr'kr |
| e.My leUo;d |
&& |
6 izfr'kr |
| ,-,u-ih-,y |
&& |
4 izfr'kr |
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mnkgj.k ds fy, ,u-,Q-,y ;wfj;k dk d`-iz-ds- ij igqWap dk jsV 225 :- gS vkSj [kqys cktkj esa jsV 235 :- gS rks fdlkuksa ds fy, jsV 230 :- gksxk A
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d`-iz-ds- eqY; dk laxzg 230 :- ds vk/kkj ij djsxk rFkk nks fMek.M MzkQV cuok,xk A
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1- 225 :- ds nj ls ,u-,Q-,y- ds uke
2- 5 :- ds nj ls ,-,u-ih-,y- dss uke
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vxj ekax 200 cksjh dh gS rks fMekUM MzkQV bl izdkj cusaxs &&
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225 X 200 = 45000 dk ,u-,Q-,y- ds uke
5 X 200 = 1000 dk ,xzksbZdkelZ usVodZ izk- fy- ubZ fnYyh ds uke
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oh-,-lh- ds :i esa laxzfgr 1000 :- dk forj.k bl izdkj gksxk
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| ds-ih-ds lapkyd |
&& |
50 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 500 |
| ds-ih-ds leUo;d |
&& |
20 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 200 |
| {ks=h; leUo;d |
&& |
12 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 120 |
| tuin leUo;d |
&& |
8 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 80 |
| e.My leUo;d |
&& |
6 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 60 |
| ,-,u-ih-,y |
&& |
4 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 40 |
| dqy |
&& |
100 izfr'kr |
&& |
:- 1000 |
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